What is Effluent?
Effluent can be defined as the outflow of water from any industrial establishment to natural body of the water. The industrial establishment may/ may not consist of any water treatment facility for the treatment of outflowing water, however as per guidelines issued by various pollution control authorities it is necessary to have water treatment facilities to treat effluent and then discharge it into natural bodies or into irrigation channel.
According to United States Environmental Protection Agency effluent can be defined as “wastewater – treated or untreated – that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters”.
Untreated effluent from various industrial establishments is the major cause of water pollution, resulting into disturbance to the defined ecosystem. Untreated effluent consist of large quantities of Oil and Grease, Chemicals, Detergents, Solid Waste, Food Waste, Plastics, Toxic Elements etc. These contaminants can enter our food chain and may cause severe diseases, often referred as chemical toxicity.
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